More recently, 40.9% of Black women in the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS) reported physical victimization that was committed by an intimate partner during their lifetime ( Black et al., 2011). In the 2000 National Longitudinal Couple Survey (NLCS), 4% of Black married/cohabiting couples reported severe violence that was perpetrated by the male partner during the year prior to the survey ( Caetano, Field, Ramisetty-Mikler, & Lipsky, 2009).
A decade later, the 1985 National Family Violence Resurvey (NFVR) revealed that 17% of Black wives reported at least one act of aggression during the survey year, and 7% suffered a severe act of aggression ( Hampton & Gelles, 1994). According to the first National Family Violence Survey (NFVS) conducted in 1975, the rate of severe violence toward wives in Black families was 113 per 1,000. Researchers have discovered substantial rates of both overall and severe IPV, defined as acts of beating, choking, threatening, and assaulting with a weapon among Black women ( Straus & Gelles, 1990 West, 2012).
Prevalence and Risk Factors of IPV Among U.S. The NSAL is the most comprehensive and detailed study of non-institutionalized adult Americans of African descent ever conducted, with the first representative sample of Caribbean Blacks. This study used data from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL) to examine prevalence and associated factors of severe physical IPV among U.S. Studies have provided evidence of ethnic differences in prevalence rates of IPV among Hispanics (e.g., Mexican American, Puerto Rican Kantor, Jasinski, & Aldarondo, 1994 West, Kaufman Kantor, & Jasinski, 1998) and Asians (Vietnamese, Filipino, Chinese Chang, Shen, & Takeuchi, 2009), and a similar pattern likely exists within the U.S. But with a few exceptions (e.g., Sabri et al., 2013), there is a dearth of IPV research on women within this population. Currently, Black immigrants account for approximately 10% of the total Black population, with just over half originating from Caribbean countries such as Jamaica, Haiti, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Dominican Republic ( Kent, 2007 Thomas, 2012). However, there are considerable demographic and cultural variations within the Black population.
This has occurred among Black Americans who have often been perceived as a monolithic racial group of African descent whose historical roots can be traced to the trans-Atlantic slave trade. The common practice of “ethnic lumping” has obscured differences within groups. It is also important to assess ethnic differences in relation to the level of violence experienced by victims. Based on a systematic review of the published literature in the past 40 years, Black Americans, whether as individuals or couples, consistently report higher rates of overall severe, mutual, and recurrent past-year and lifetime IPV victimization and perpetration when compared with their White and Hispanic counterparts (for a review, see West, 2012). Yet it is imperative that researchers continue to investigate the differences in incidence and prevalence of IPV based on race and ethnicity, particularly among Black women in the United States. After decades of research, scholars have documented intimate partner violence (IPV) among women across a range of ethnic/racial groups, ages, socioeconomic statuses, educational levels, and relationship statuses (e.g., married, cohabitating, dating Renner & Whitney, 2010).
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